Back is the part of the body between the waist and the lower part of the neck. Back pain accompanies many diseases. And so often, that the number of appeals to medical institutions take the second place after respiratory diseases.
Common causes of pain
What to do when back pain? Of course, consult your doctor. Treatment back make, neurologists, orthopedists, general practitioners, chiropractic doctors. They find out the real cause of the disease, prescribe a course of treatment. The cause of the pain can be:
- osteochondrosis;
- spondiloarthrosis;
- ankylosing spondylitis (bechterew's disease);
- lumbago;
- intercostal neuralgia;
- pregnancy;
- congenital and acquired curvature of the spine – scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis;
- professional factors;
- long-term exercise back muscle tension;
- tumor metastases to the spine;
- pain give back some of the diseases of the internal organs.
The main diseases that cause back pain, can be combined into several groups: degenerative, inflammatory, myofascial, a rare disease. Separately to keep the pregnancy a physiological condition of the body.
Degenerative diseases of the spine
Osteochondrosis and spondiloarthrosis is often a disease that involves pain in the back. The cause is pathological changes in the different structures of the spine. Differences and similarities between the two diseases as follows:
| The name of the disease | The pain caused | Reasons |
| Osteochondrosis | Loss of cartilage, intervertebral disc, from the nucleus pulposus. Suffering of the body adjacent vertebrae, formation of osteophytes, hernias. | Injuries, falls, physical and static load, age. |
| The face of spondylosis or joint disease | Malfunction a small (half) of the vertebrae with bone tumors. Degeneration of the fibrous ring of the intervertebral discs, ligamentous pathology. | Lower back pain, injury, exercise, posture and function of the foot. |
Sciatica, lumbago, neuralgia, radicular syndrome are synonyms of the same disease. It is the result of degenerative disc disease, complex hernias. The hernia irritates, compresses the nerve roots, causing tension and spasm of the intercostal muscles. As a result there is intense pain in the lower back that can radiate into the foot. Not cured the disease leads to paresis. The patient feels a "tingling, numbness, impaired sensitivity of the limb. Legs difficult to lift and straighten. Terrible pain when sitting, try to sit or straighten the affected leg.
If you can hurt your back because of degenerative disc disease or osteoarthritis, you need to seriously difficult to treat. In the early stages, particularly for young people, the disease is reversible. By the way, takes a chronic course with periods of exacerbations and remissions. Over time, the frequency of exacerbations increase, and the pain growing again.
Inflammatory diseases
The spine spondylitis spondylosis
He ankylosing spondylitis, chronic severe involvement of the joints of the spine. There is a genetic predisposition. Often affects young healthy men in the prime of life. Sooner or later, the disease leads to disability. Spondylosis begins to change discs. Because the disease goes to the vertebrae, which are firmly bonded to each other by connective tissue to a fixed structure (a bamboo stick). The spine has been completely transferred to permanent status.
If you get stiffness, dull pain in the back, you can lose flexibility of the spine, seek medical attention immediately. The development of the disease, it is still possible to pause and resume when the physical activity.
Disease Kümmel-Verneuil
Such as ankylosing spondylitis belongs to a group of nonspecific spondylosis. Happened only after the injury. The tragedy of the disease is that a traumatic pain will be over soon. The disease is "silent" for an indefinite period of time. The injured man considers himself fully healthy. The disease suddenly manifested necrotic changes in the vertebrae fractures, multiple relapses, a terrible pain.
Ankylosing spondylitis
Specific and nonspecific inflammation of the spine, caused by different reasons. Particularly ankylosing spondylitis caused by:
- tuberculosis of the spine (Pott's disease);
- syphilis;
- gonorrhea;
- brucellosis;
- bowel, bruchnotifozna closed.
Diseases are accompanied by destruction of the vertebrae of a very intense constant pain in the back, the spine deformity.
Myofascial pain
The name refers to the fact that the disease affects the muscles and fascia of the back. Excessive muscle strain, injuries, posture, osteochondrosis of the fascia, and the muscles forming the threshold points. It's a tight painful education in the form of lumps or strands. When you press the point and massage with severe pain.
Trigger areas are active and passive. Active regions are places of increased sensitivity and excitability of the muscle fascia. Sharply reacts to the slightest movement of the muscles. Passive mode in the pain appears only when you press.
Internal medicine
Pneumonia, pleurisy causes a sore back. Heart pain can radiate to the shoulder blade. Kidney disease associated with long-term pain in the lower back, lower back. But the somatic diseases, in addition to the pain, in the first place, are the other symptoms. For example, pneumonia, pleurisy, cough, fever, shortness of breath, etc.
Physiological pain
Pregnancy – a physiological state of the female, and often pains in the back. During the carrying a child in a woman's body down to the drastic hormonal changes. Increases the load on all the organs, including the spine. Changing the emotional state of the pregnant woman.
Lower back pain in early pregnancy occurs when the risk of miscarriage. They nagging, aching, sometimes cramping. Pain in the later stages is associated with increased load on the back muscles and spine. Women, changing posture, increased lumbar lordosis is another cause of pain in pregnancy.
With the threat of miscarriage is a medical emergency. You can reduce the load on the spine, wearing prenatal bandage. At this critical juncture, it is important that everyone, even the heel height, it should be small.
Other reasons
Tumors
Benign and malignant, metastases to the spine at the adenoma of the prostate, myeloma causing excruciating terrible pain in the spine and back.
Osteomyelitis of the spine
A rare disease caused by infection and inflammation of the vertebrae of microbes: Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus. Affect different parts of the spine. Often develops in men after 40-50 years. The disease is acute pain in the affected Department, a high fever, intoxication.
Paget's Disease
Or osteodystrophy, occurs when the violation of the synthesis and restore of bone tissue. Appears on the background of autoimmune diseases, ankylosing spondylosis, fracture. Is characterized by fragility and brittleness of the bones of the spine.
Diagnosis
If back pain, it is necessary to fully protected. First the doctor carefully examines the patient. Further diagnosis based on clinical and instrumental indicators.
During the inspection, it turns out, the nature of the pain, localization, event-time at night, when you change the position of the body during exercise, at rest, etc. must take into account the presence of comorbidities, which can cause back pain, pneumonia, pleurisy, tumors, mental illness, back injuries. Then there are other studies:
- biochemical and blood analysis;
- radiography in two projections;
- Spine CT – computer tomography;
- MRI of the spine – magnetic resonance imaging;
- bone scintigraphy – to get 2-dimensional images after administration of radioactive isotopes and other studies.
Better painful the doctor know what kind of diagnostics do. Sometimes to find out the cause of the disease, enough radiography. Sometimes resort to additional, more informative types of tests.
Treatment
Depending on the disease type and severity, select the desired method of treatment – conservative or surgical. Patients with acute pain and severe course of the disease being treated in hospital, other outpatient. Surgery are very rare. Preference is given to conservative treatment, which affected the underlying disease. When the pain is presented:
- non-steroidal drugs;
- synthetic adrenal hormones;
- muscle relaxants;
- chondroprotectors;
- the synovial membrane of the artificial teeth.
A sharp pain shot novocain blockades, injections of hydrocortisone, analgesics. Outside the aggravation shown, lotions, massage, therapeutic exercise, physiotherapy, chiropractic and reflexology. Good idea to stay locations. Temporarily relieve the patient's spine, there is a special locking corset.
The pain is not only a source of discomfort. In the early stages of the disease acts as a protective response, suggesting that the body is wrong, and we need to take action.