The formation of correct posture in children largely depends on the environment. The duty of parents, and employees of preschools and schools is to follow the correct posture of children standing, sitting and walking, and use exercises that develop primarily the muscles of the back, legs, and the stomach. This is to ensure that the child has developed the natural muscular corset.
About the spine and its changes
The spine (backbone) is a major part of the axial skeleton and consists of 33-34 vertebrae, which are connected by ligaments and joints.
In the womb the baby's spine looks like a unified arc. When a child of light, it straightens the spine and becomes almost a straight line. From birth began to form posture. The skill of keeping the head raised, the neck spine of the baby occurs gradually bending forward, the so-called cervical lordosis. If the time came when the child already knows how to sit, thoracic spine is also shaped bending, only facing backwards (kyphosis). But if the child begins to walk, the lumbar a little curve, convexity forward. This lumbar lordosis. It is therefore important to observe the correct formation of the child's posture.
About posture and its violations
Posture is the ability of the individual to keep the body in different positions. It is right and what is wrong.
Position is correct when the relaxed standing person, is his usual position, no additional active stress and keep your head and body straight. In addition, he is easy to walk, a little lower and laid back shoulders forward in front of chest, tight stomach and legs, straight in knees.
Wrong position of the person can not properly keep your body in shape, so, as a rule, stands and moves on the floor with legs bent, shoulders and head, and thrusting the abdomen. In this position interferes with the normal functioning of internal organs.
Various violations of posture, whether slouching, lordosis, kyphosis or scoliosis (lateral curvature of the spine) is quite common in children of preschool and school ages. Mostly they are children or physically impaired, or suffering from any chronic disease or who have already suffered from a heavy disease in early childhood.
Prevention of postural disorders
Prevention of all diseases related to posture, should be comprehensive and it is based on the following principles.
Proper nutrition.
Constantly evolving body of her child throughout the growing needs of useful nutrient. The diet must be complete and varied, as this depends on how the right is to develop muscles and bones.
Locomotor activity.
Very important to children's health posture exercise, various sports (especially skiing and swimming), gymnastics, and travel, active, outdoor games, etc. Should be aware that when physical development should not force a child to make a sharp and quick to load.
The correct mode of the day.
To avoid problems with posture not only need to arrange the correct mode of the day (walking, sleeping, waking, feeding, etc.), but strictly adhere to it, without any exception, for example on weekends.
Comfortable children's room.
- The room should have good lighting. Additional Table lamps should be equipped with children's Table.
- Table height should match the height of the child. There are also special tables that are designed to correct posture of the student.
- The chair should repeat the curves of the body. However, instead of this orthopedic chair can be put behind your back at the level of the lumbar pillow, in addition to the usual chair. The height of the chair should preferably be equal to the height of the lower leg. Use a footrest, if they don't reach the floor.
- The child should sit so that your back rested on the chair back, and head slightly bent forward, and between the body and the table easily held one hand over the edge. When they get impossible to remove the feet under yourself, as this can cause curvature of the spine and circulatory problems.
- The nursery beds should be smooth and firm mattress. This type of child's weight is evenly distributed and the muscles relax after the vertical position of the frame throughout the day. Do not let the baby sleep on soft surfaces. This provoked the formation of the irregular curves of the spine during sleep. In addition to the soft mattress stimulates the warming of the intervertebral discs, which disturbed thermoregulation. Regarding the child's pillow, it should be flat and be placed exclusively under my head, and not below the shoulders.
Competent repair of the shoe.
Correct, accurate and timely selection of children's shoes allows parents to avoid it and even eliminate many of the problems, such as functional shortening of the limbs, which are due to wrong posture or compensation for defects of feet (clubfoot, flat feet).
A uniform load distribution.
It is known that most often it is school age, when children experience rapid growth of bone and muscle mass, they, unfortunately, get curvature of the spine. This happens for the reason that at this age the child's spine is not suitable for heavy loads. Parents should try not to overload children when wearing their backpack, backpack or briefcase. Remember, that the standard weight, which can raise a child, is 10% of the total weight of the index.
Back to school backpack should be flat and solid, its width should not be more than shoulder width. Also the pack should not hang below the belt and straps must be soft and wide, adjustable length. It is not suitable for a long time to carry heavy bags on one shoulder, which is especially important for girls. In this case, curvature of the spine may be necessary.
Such as the right to carry heavy loads, it is known that the weight, take a weight and lift it is a large load on the spine, and you can't do it. Correct would be to sit down first the back, then take a, pressed against his chest, lifting and carrying. And as advice for parents: even if you don't follow this rule, and teach it to the children.
The formation of correct posture
Promote growth and develop the muscles of the child can safely begin from the moment of his birth. So their growth and strength will develop faster. For infants, a great help here is the massage (by prescription).
Children at the age of 2-3 months, you can start making from workout to workout the muscle groups responsible for holding your body in the correct position. It is enough to have his palms to raise a child, moving from position "lying" in the "up" position, and then long to keep him in the air. In this position the muscles and joints of the baby to move around, training all muscle groups.
After 1.5 years in the form of game the child can begin to do gymnastics. Together you can "chop the wood", "cat" arch your back "pumping the water" walk on the drawn lines, such as ropes, rolling on the floor, move the block, etc. you can ask your child to draw a bird: lie on your stomach, "spread the wings" (arms out to the sides) and hold the ankle and foot.
The position of the child is formed before puberty. All this time, you need to follow its formation. If a child already, there was a clear violation, until this time it can be fixed. The child should regularly visit a podiatrist, when he is on the account and go through all the available therapies. This can be a therapeutic exercise, swimming, massage, physiotherapy, manual therapy, and surgical therapy (according to indications).
Useful exercises
The formation of correct posture in children and prevent violations during the lessons of morning gymnastics, physical culture, and in these moments at home and mainly in preschool and school institutions can use a variety of useful exercises. The following are examples of such exercises.
- The child stand on one leg or walking a balance beam.
- Holding back the Hoop, the child will not tilting to the side.
- By holding on, the child leaned over, standing on his toes.
- Spreading his arms in hand, the child does not move back.
- Legs apart, and by holding on, baby, give, do a forward bend.
- Child lift the legs up, lying on his back.
- A child crawls on all fours.
- The child, while maintaining correct posture, walking, holding any load in the head.
- Hands down the kids to hold on to the ends and raises his hands up, bringing the stick behind his back, and then alternating slopes to the left and to the right.
- The horizontal bar or wall bars, the children, tightly clutching the bar, bend the legs at right angles and is in this position for a few seconds.
- Is in position "feet together, hands down", the child to remove the right leg back, and throws his hands to the side and freezes, then repeat the exercise with the left leg.
- Lying on the back, the child feet, "the familiar" or to form "scissors".
- Lie on your stomach, the child to raise the knees bent legs, grab your ankle with their hands and began to rock like a boat on the waves.
- Standing before the mirror, the child, alternately, first breaks, and then fix your posture.
- The child becomes the wall of the five points (head, shoulders, buttocks, calves and heels). These points are the basic curves of our body on the outside, and normally should be in contact with the wall. Then it performs various movements, for example squats or lifting the legs and hands apart, straining the muscles of an average of 5 seconds.
Conclusion
Dear parents, remind and tell the child, "Sit up straight" of course, but it is still not enough. Began to worry about the health of their children "from the cradle" and be sure to find time to practice with them. An important moment in the formation of correct posture of the child is a personal example. Do the exercises with your child, keep your back straight and be healthy!